[非谓语动词用法总结]非谓语动词用法精讲

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[非谓语动词用法总结]非谓语动词用法精讲

#[非谓语动词用法总结]非谓语动词用法精讲| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

1、非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词用法精讲-xxxx概述在大学英语四六级考试的 词汇 和语法部分中,年年必考的一项语法就是非谓语动词(Non-finite Verb)。非谓语动词分为三类:不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)和分词(participle)。其特点是:1 不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分,但就是不能单独做谓语,这也是它们被称为非谓语动词的原因。2 它们具有各种形态:原形、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。3 不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。但不管起什么作用,它们都具有动词的功能,但无语法上的动词性质,这一点可以通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来

2、。4 分词起形容词和副词作用,可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语,但不能做主语和宾语。它也不受主语人称和数的限制。不定式1结构不定式的主动态是to do,其否定式是not to do,被动态是to be done,进行态是to be doing,完成态是to have done.例:1996年6月四级第24题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _ to the nation.A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left结合选项

3、来看,全句的意思:78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家.收藏品是被留给国家,因此需要一个被动式做宾语,所以答案是D) is to be left.2不定式做主语例:1995年1月四级第55题It is not unusual for workers in that region _.A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a monthC) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a monthit 在句中

4、作形式主语。 而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是:那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事,答案是A)。. 不定式做补足语的用法不定式做补足语时,如果和主语是主谓关系,就用不定式的主动式,如果是动宾关系,就用被动式;如果动作时间和谓语动词同时发生,就用不定式的一般式。如果动作时间发生在谓语动作之前,就用不定式的完成式。1) 不定式做主语补足语例:1996年6月四级第37题The ancient Egyptians are supposed _ rockets to the moon.A) to send B) to be

5、sendingC) to have sent D) to have been sending在本句中,send 为短暂性动词,不能用进行时态。所以B和D两项错。A和C的区别在于不定式的时态,句首表示时间概念的ancient表明不定式动作在句子谓语动作之前,不定式要用完成式, 因而答案是C)。2) 不定式做宾语补足语有些动词和短语可用不定式做宾语补足语,构成句型:主语+谓语动词+宾语+不定式。这样的动词有:advice, allow, announce, ask, assist, authorize, bear, beg, bribe, cause, command, compel, conde

6、mn, deserve, direct, drive, enable, encourage, entitle, entreat, exhort, forbid, force, get, hate, help, implore, induce, inspire, instruct, intend, invite, lead, leave, like, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, pray, prefer, press, prompt, pronounce, recommend, remind, report, request, req

7、uire, summon, teach, tell, tempt, urge, want, warn, wish.这样的短语有:call on(请求), care for(关心), count on(依靠,指望), depend on(依赖、依靠), keep on at(困扰,追问), long for(渴望), make out(分辨), vote for(选举), prevail on(说服), rely on(信赖), wait for(等待)。还有一些动词和词组用不定式做宾语补足语时不带to,但在被动形式时,其宾语补足语不定式必须带to.这样的动词和词组有:feel, have, h

8、ear, let, make, notice, observe, overhear, see, watch, listen to, look at.例:1998年1月四级第44题They are going to have the serviceman _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed全句的意思是:他们准备让服务人员明天在办公室里装一台电扇.这里是have sb. do sth.的句型,是主动语态,因此,have 后接不带to的不定式

9、做宾与补足语,所以答案是A) install.8. 不定式做宾语大部分动词可加不定式做宾语。一些动词,特别是系动词,如appear, chance, come, fail, get, happen, manage, prove, seem, tend, turn out等,后面接不定式,形式上是宾语,实际是一种复合结构句型,除人、物做主语外,还可用it做主语,所跟to be可省略。例:1997年1月四级第25题There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble.A) m

10、aking B) to makeC) to have made D) having made全句的意思是:服务台那里有一个人,看上去很气愤,我想他是存心要找麻烦。动词mean在本句中的意思是打算,相当于intend to do something,后面只能接动词不定式做宾语。所以答案是B) to make.动词mean后面接名词和动名词时,意思是表示的意思、意味着,所以选项A 和 D错误。另外不定式的完成式表示该动作应在谓语动作之前发生,这和本句的意思不符合,所以选项C也不正确。例:1997年1月四级第42题Id rather read than watch television; the p

11、rograms seem _ all the time.A) to get worseC) to have got worseB) to be getting worse D) getting worse动词seem后应接不定式做宾语;词组all the time的意思是始终、一直,相当于continuously,因此句中相应的动词一般要用进行式。全句的意思是我宁愿看书也不愿意看电视,电视节目好象越来越差了。可见,答案是B) to be getting worse.9. 不定式做定语不定式做定语时,与中心词之间在逻辑上有多种关系,其中可能是互相修饰关系。也就是:不定式修饰中心词;不定式短语末的

12、介词与中心词组成介词短语,修饰不定式。这些动词不定式可能是及物的(带宾语),也可能是不及物的,要特别注意不要漏掉不定式短语末的介词。很多名词后可接不定式做定语,如ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination, drive(动力), effort, force, inclination, intention, method, motive, movement, need, opportunity, pressure, reason, right(权力), strugg

13、le, tendency, wish, anything, anyone, everything, everyone, nothing, no one, something, some one等。 这类名词通常表示抽象概念,后面用动词不定式做定语,表示该名词的具体内容。在这种结构中,不能用分词形式。还要注意,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式后要加介词,因为此时不定式与其修饰的名词实质上有动宾关系。例:1994年1月第63题Could you find someone_?A) for me to play tennis with B) for me to play tennis C) p

14、lay tennis with D) playing tennis请你找个人来和我打网球。答案是A.做定语的不定式也可能解释中心词的内容。请看下例:例:1997年6月四级第47题The pressure_causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A) to compete C) to be competed B) competing D) having competed结合选项看,全句的意思是:竞争的压力使美国人精力充沛,但也使他们的精神始终处于紧张状态。名

15、词pressure后应加不定式做定语,说明pressure的内容。因此本题答案是A) to compete.选项B) competing是现在分词;D) having competed现在分词的完成式,都不符合语法规定。选项C) to be competed中的Compete是不及物动词,不能用被动语态,所以这三个选项都不正确。介词关系代词不定式可以做定语用,这种用法是一种正式的表达法。我们看下面这个例子:例:1995年6月四级第50题You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _ to suspend your tent.A) the

16、re B) them C) which D) where全句的意思是:你将需要两棵相距约10英尺的树来挂你的帐篷.本句中只有which是关系代词,因此答案是C.10. 不定式做状语例:1995年1月四级第48题_ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.A) To become B) Become C) One becomes D) On becoming答案是A) To become.11. 介词后的不定式介词后接不定式只见于少数场合:but后面通常接带to的不定式,包括do n

17、othing but,can not but,can not help but,have no choice but等等。例:1996年1月四级第24题That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _ the police.A) called in B) calling in C) call in D) to call in在本句中have no choice but要后接带to的不定式,意思是只能别无选择.全句意思:那件事事关重大,我别无选择,只好请警察来.答案是D) to call in.动名词1. 动名词,顾名思义,具有双重作

18、用:它既有动词的作用(后面可加自己的宾语),又有名词的作用(可以做句子的主语、宾语等)。2. 动名词做宾语1) 有些动词只能接动名词做宾语,而不能接不定式。这是考试中常见的考点。请大家务必多练多用多读多说,尽量培养语感,这比单纯死记硬背这些枯燥的 词汇 要容易得多。这些动词是:acknowledge, advice, admit, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, allow, bear, cant help, cease, commence, complete, confess, delay, deny, discourage, detest, dread, en

19、dure, enjoy, envy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, figure, finish, imagine, involve, justify, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, quit, recall, repent, require, resent, resume, risk, save等等。例:1995年6月四级第42题Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A) having been f

20、ined B) to have been fined C) to be fined D) being fined动词escape后接动名词,不能接不定式,所以先排除了B和C.全句的意思是:每当马克违反交通规则式,他常常企图逃避罚款.fine是及物动词,在这里要用被动语态;而且,句子讲的是经常性动作,应当用一般时态,因此,答案是D.例:1998年6月四级第49题(同1997年12月四级第37题)People appreciate with him because he has a good sense of humor.A) to work B) to have worked C) workin

21、g D) having working全句的意思是:因为他很有幽默感,所以大家喜欢和他一起工作。根据句意,动名词动作与句子谓语动作并无时间上的先后,必须用动名词一般时态。答案是C.2) 凡是动词+介词、名词+介词或形容词+介词形成的词组,都要求接动名词做宾语,因为所有介词后的动词都要使用动名词形式。例:1998年6月四级第46题He gives people the impression _ all his life abroad.A) of having spend B) to have spentC) of being spent D) to spent全句的意思是他给人的印象是他的一生都

22、在国外度过.这是名词介词动名词(短语)的形式。答案是A. 也就是说,名词+ of +动名词结构表示特指的、具体的、单一的、所属的机会或习惯,而名词接不定式形式只表示有某种机会或习惯,指客观现实。3) 满足句型it is +名词或形容词+动名词和句型动词+ it +形容词或名词+动名词的形容词和名词有:good, no good, nuisance, no use, senseless, use, useless, waste, worthwhile.例:Do you think it worthwhile investing a large sum of money in this proje

23、ct?(你认为向该项目大量投资值得吗?)4) 有些动词后既可加不定式,也可加动名词,但用法不同,意义也不同。注意remember, forget, stop, regret, go on, afford, attempt, try, 等单词的用法。例如: afford(a) can (not) afford 不起,负担得money doing sth., have difficulty (in) doing sth., have a hard time (in) doing sth., have trouble 某人感兴趣,就用be interested in Seth.sb. is interesting的结构。



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